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use core::fmt; use core::marker::PhantomData; use {Poll, Future, Stream, Sink, StartSend}; mod atomic_task; pub use self::atomic_task::AtomicTask; mod core; #[cfg(feature = "use_std")] mod std; #[cfg(feature = "use_std")] pub use self::std::*; #[cfg(not(feature = "use_std"))] pub use self::core::*; pub struct BorrowedTask<'a> { id: usize, unpark: BorrowedUnpark<'a>, events: BorrowedEvents<'a>, // Task-local storage map: &'a LocalMap, } fn fresh_task_id() -> usize { use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering, ATOMIC_USIZE_INIT}; // TODO: this assert is a real bummer, need to figure out how to reuse // old IDs that are no longer in use. // // Note, though, that it is intended that these ids go away entirely // eventually, see the comment on `is_current` below. static NEXT_ID: AtomicUsize = ATOMIC_USIZE_INIT; let id = NEXT_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed); assert!(id < usize::max_value() / 2, "too many previous tasks have been allocated"); id } fn with<F: FnOnce(&BorrowedTask) -> R, R>(f: F) -> R { unsafe { let task = get_ptr().expect("no Task is currently running"); assert!(!task.is_null(), "no Task is currently running"); f(&*(task as *const BorrowedTask)) } } /// A handle to a "task", which represents a single lightweight "thread" of /// execution driving a future to completion. /// /// In general, futures are composed into large units of work, which are then /// spawned as tasks onto an *executor*. The executor is responsible for polling /// the future as notifications arrive, until the future terminates. /// /// This is obtained by the `task::current` function. /// /// # FAQ /// /// ### Why does `Task` not implement `Eq` and `Hash`? /// /// A valid use case for `Task` to implement these two traits has not been /// encountered. /// /// Usually, this question is asked by someone who wants to store a `Task` /// instance in a `HashSet`. This seems like an obvious way to implement a /// future aware, multi-handle structure; e.g. a multi-producer channel. /// /// In this case, the idea is that whenever a `start_send` is called on one of /// the channel's send handles, if the channel is at capacity, the current task /// is stored in a set. Then, when capacity is available, a task is removed from /// the set and notified. /// /// The problem with this strategy is that multiple `Sender` handles can be used /// on the same task. In this case, when the second handle is used and the task /// is stored in a set, there already is an entry. Then, when the first /// handle is dropped, this entry is cleared, resulting in a dead lock. /// /// See [here](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/futures-rs/issues/670) for /// more discussion. /// #[derive(Clone)] pub struct Task { id: usize, unpark: TaskUnpark, events: UnparkEvents, } trait AssertSend: Send {} impl AssertSend for Task {} /// Returns a handle to the current task to call `notify` at a later date. /// /// The returned handle implements the `Send` and `'static` bounds and may also /// be cheaply cloned. This is useful for squirreling away the handle into a /// location which is then later signaled that a future can make progress. /// /// Implementations of the `Future` trait typically use this function if they /// would otherwise perform a blocking operation. When something isn't ready /// yet, this `current` function is called to acquire a handle to the current /// task, and then the future arranges it such that when the blocking operation /// otherwise finishes (perhaps in the background) it will `notify` the /// returned handle. /// /// It's sometimes necessary to pass extra information to the task when /// unparking it, so that the task knows something about *why* it was woken. /// See the `FutureQueue` documentation for details on how to do this. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function will panic if a task is not currently being executed. That /// is, this method can be dangerous to call outside of an implementation of /// `poll`. pub fn current() -> Task { with(|borrowed| { let unpark = borrowed.unpark.to_owned(); let events = borrowed.events.to_owned(); Task { id: borrowed.id, unpark: unpark, events: events, } }) } #[doc(hidden)] #[deprecated(note = "renamed to `current`")] pub fn park() -> Task { current() } impl Task { /// Indicate that the task should attempt to poll its future in a timely /// fashion. /// /// It's typically guaranteed that, after calling `notify`, `poll` will /// be called at least once subsequently (unless the future has terminated). /// If the task is currently polling its future when `notify` is called, it /// must poll the future *again* afterwards, ensuring that all relevant /// events are eventually observed by the future. pub fn notify(&self) { self.events.notify(); self.unpark.notify(); } #[doc(hidden)] #[deprecated(note = "renamed to `notify`")] pub fn unpark(&self) { self.notify() } /// Returns `true` when called from within the context of the task. /// /// In other words, the task is currently running on the thread calling the /// function. Note that this is currently, and has historically, been /// implemented by tracking an `id` on every instance of `Spawn` created. /// When a `Spawn` is being polled it stores in thread-local-storage the id /// of the instance, and then `task::current` will return a `Task` that also /// stores this id. /// /// The intention of this function was to answer questions like "if I /// `notify` this task, is it equivalent to `task::current().notify()`?" /// The answer "yes" may be able to avoid some extra work to block the /// current task, such as sending a task along a channel or updating a /// stored `Task` somewhere. An answer of "no" typically results in doing /// the work anyway. /// /// Unfortunately this function has been somewhat buggy in the past and is /// not intended to be supported in the future. By simply matching `id` the /// intended question above isn't accurately taking into account, for /// example, unpark events (now deprecated, but still a feature). Thus many /// old users of this API weren't fully accounting for the question it was /// intended they were asking. /// /// This API continues to be implemented but will in the future, e.g. in the /// 0.1.x series of this crate, eventually return `false` unconditionally. /// It is intended that this function will be removed in the next breaking /// change of this crate. If you'd like to continue to be able to answer the /// example question above, it's recommended you use the /// `will_notify_current` method. /// /// If you've got questions about this though please let us know! We'd like /// to learn about other use cases here that we did not consider. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function will panic if no current future is being polled. #[deprecated(note = "intended to be removed, see docs for details")] pub fn is_current(&self) -> bool { with(|current| current.id == self.id) } /// This function is intended as a performance optimization for structures /// which store a `Task` internally. /// /// The purpose of this function is to answer the question "if I `notify` /// this task is it equivalent to `task::current().notify()`". An answer /// "yes" may mean that you don't actually need to call `task::current()` /// and store it, but rather you can simply leave a stored task in place. An /// answer of "no" typically means that you need to call `task::current()` /// and store it somewhere. /// /// As this is purely a performance optimization a valid implementation for /// this function is to always return `false`. A best effort is done to /// return `true` where possible, but false negatives may happen. Note that /// this function will not return a false positive, however. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function will panic if no current future is being polled. #[allow(deprecated)] pub fn will_notify_current(&self) -> bool { with(|current| { self.unpark.will_notify(¤t.unpark) && self.events.will_notify(¤t.events) }) } } impl fmt::Debug for Task { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("Task") .finish() } } /// Representation of a spawned future/stream. /// /// This object is returned by the `spawn` function in this module. This /// represents a "fused task and future", storing all necessary pieces of a task /// and owning the top-level future that's being driven as well. /// /// A `Spawn` can be poll'd for completion or execution of the current thread /// can be blocked indefinitely until a notification arrives. This can be used /// with either futures or streams, with different methods being available on /// `Spawn` depending which is used. pub struct Spawn<T: ?Sized> { id: usize, data: LocalMap, obj: T, } /// Spawns a future or stream, returning it and the new task responsible for /// running it to completion. /// /// This function is the termination endpoint for running futures. This method /// will conceptually allocate a new task to run the given object, which is /// normally either a `Future` or `Stream`. /// /// This function is similar to the `thread::spawn` function but does not /// attempt to run code in the background. The future will not make progress /// until the methods on `Spawn` are called in turn. pub fn spawn<T>(obj: T) -> Spawn<T> { Spawn { id: fresh_task_id(), obj: obj, data: local_map(), } } impl<T: ?Sized> Spawn<T> { /// Get a shared reference to the object the Spawn is wrapping. pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &T { &self.obj } /// Get a mutable reference to the object the Spawn is wrapping. pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T { &mut self.obj } /// Consume the Spawn, returning its inner object pub fn into_inner(self) -> T where T: Sized { self.obj } /// Calls the provided closure, scheduling notifications to be sent to the /// `notify` argument. pub fn poll_fn_notify<N, F, R>(&mut self, notify: &N, id: usize, f: F) -> R where F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> R, N: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, { let mk = || notify.clone().into(); self.enter(BorrowedUnpark::new(&mk, id), f) } /// Polls the internal future, scheduling notifications to be sent to the /// `notify` argument. /// /// This method will poll the internal future, testing if it's completed /// yet. The `notify` argument is used as a sink for notifications sent to /// this future. That is, while the future is being polled, any call to /// `task::current()` will return a handle that contains the `notify` /// specified. /// /// If this function returns `NotReady`, then the `notify` should have been /// scheduled to receive a notification when poll can be called again. /// Otherwise if `Ready` or `Err` is returned, the `Spawn` task can be /// safely destroyed. /// /// Note that `notify` itself is passed as a shared reference, and is itself /// not required to be a `NotifyHandle`. The `Clone` and `Into` trait bounds /// will be used to convert this `notify` to a `NotifyHandle` if necessary. /// This construction can avoid an unnecessary atomic reference count bump /// in some situations. /// /// ## Unsafety and `id` /// /// This function and all other `*_notify` functions on this type will treat /// the `id` specified very carefully, explicitly calling functions like the /// `notify` argument's `clone_id` and `drop_id` functions. It should be /// safe to encode a pointer itself into the `id` specified, such as an /// `Arc<N>` or a `Box<N>`. The `clone_id` and `drop_id` functions are then /// intended to be sufficient for the memory management related to that /// pointer. pub fn poll_future_notify<N>(&mut self, notify: &N, id: usize) -> Poll<T::Item, T::Error> where N: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, T: Future, { self.poll_fn_notify(notify, id, |f| f.poll()) } /// Like `poll_future_notify`, except polls the underlying stream. pub fn poll_stream_notify<N>(&mut self, notify: &N, id: usize) -> Poll<Option<T::Item>, T::Error> where N: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, T: Stream, { self.poll_fn_notify(notify, id, |s| s.poll()) } /// Invokes the underlying `start_send` method with this task in place. /// /// If the underlying operation returns `NotReady` then the `notify` value /// passed in will receive a notification when the operation is ready to be /// attempted again. pub fn start_send_notify<N>(&mut self, value: T::SinkItem, notify: &N, id: usize) -> StartSend<T::SinkItem, T::SinkError> where N: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, T: Sink, { self.poll_fn_notify(notify, id, |s| s.start_send(value)) } /// Invokes the underlying `poll_complete` method with this task in place. /// /// If the underlying operation returns `NotReady` then the `notify` value /// passed in will receive a notification when the operation is ready to be /// attempted again. pub fn poll_flush_notify<N>(&mut self, notify: &N, id: usize) -> Poll<(), T::SinkError> where N: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, T: Sink, { self.poll_fn_notify(notify, id, |s| s.poll_complete()) } /// Invokes the underlying `close` method with this task in place. /// /// If the underlying operation returns `NotReady` then the `notify` value /// passed in will receive a notification when the operation is ready to be /// attempted again. pub fn close_notify<N>(&mut self, notify: &N, id: usize) -> Poll<(), T::SinkError> where N: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, T: Sink, { self.poll_fn_notify(notify, id, |s| s.close()) } fn enter<F, R>(&mut self, unpark: BorrowedUnpark, f: F) -> R where F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> R { let borrowed = BorrowedTask { id: self.id, unpark: unpark, events: BorrowedEvents::new(), map: &self.data, }; let obj = &mut self.obj; set(&borrowed, || f(obj)) } } impl<T: fmt::Debug + ?Sized> fmt::Debug for Spawn<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("Spawn") .field("obj", &&self.obj) .finish() } } /// A trait which represents a sink of notifications that a future is ready to /// make progress. /// /// This trait is provided as an argument to the `Spawn::*_notify` family of /// functions. It's transitively used as part of the `Task::notify` method to /// internally deliver notifications of readiness of a future to move forward. /// /// An instance of `Notify` has one primary method, `notify`, which is given a /// contextual argument as to what's being notified. This contextual argument is /// *also* provided to the `Spawn::*_notify` family of functions and can be used /// to reuse an instance of `Notify` across many futures. /// /// Instances of `Notify` must be safe to share across threads, and the methods /// be invoked concurrently. They must also live for the `'static` lifetime, /// not containing any stack references. pub trait Notify: Send + Sync { /// Indicates that an associated future and/or task are ready to make /// progress. /// /// Typically this means that the receiver of the notification should /// arrange for the future to get poll'd in a prompt fashion. /// /// This method takes an `id` as an argument which was transitively passed /// in from the original call to `Spawn::*_notify`. This id can be used to /// disambiguate which precise future became ready for polling. /// /// # Panics /// /// Since `unpark` may be invoked from arbitrary contexts, it should /// endeavor not to panic and to do as little work as possible. However, it /// is not guaranteed not to panic, and callers should be wary. If a panic /// occurs, that panic may or may not be propagated to the end-user of the /// future that you'd otherwise wake up. fn notify(&self, id: usize); /// This function is called whenever a new copy of `id` is needed. /// /// This is called in one of two situations: /// /// * A `Task` is being created through `task::current` while a future is /// being polled. In that case the instance of `Notify` passed in to one /// of the `poll_*` functions is called with the `id` passed into the same /// `poll_*` function. /// * A `Task` is itself being cloned. Each `Task` contains its own id and a /// handle to the `Notify` behind it, and the task's `Notify` is used to /// clone the internal `id` to assign to the new task. /// /// The `id` returned here will be stored in the `Task`-to-be and used later /// to pass to `notify` when the `Task::notify` function is called on that /// `Task`. /// /// Note that typically this is just the identity function, passing through /// the identifier. For more unsafe situations, however, if `id` is itself a /// pointer of some kind this can be used as a hook to "clone" the pointer, /// depending on what that means for the specified pointer. fn clone_id(&self, id: usize) -> usize { id } /// All instances of `Task` store an `id` that they're going to internally /// notify with, and this function is called when the `Task` is dropped. /// /// This function provides a hook for schemes which encode pointers in this /// `id` argument to deallocate resources associated with the pointer. It's /// guaranteed that after this function is called the `Task` containing this /// `id` will no longer use the `id`. fn drop_id(&self, id: usize) { drop(id); } } /// Sets the `NotifyHandle` of the current task for the duration of the provided /// closure. /// /// This function takes a type that can be converted into a notify handle, /// `notify` and `id`, and a closure `f`. The closure `f` will be executed such /// that calls to `task::current()` will store a reference to the notify handle /// provided, not the one previously in the environment. /// /// Note that calls to `task::current()` in the closure provided *will not* be /// equivalent to `task::current()` before this method is called. The two tasks /// returned will notify different handles, and the task handles pulled out /// during the duration of this closure will not notify the previous task. It's /// recommended that you call `task::current()` in some capacity before calling /// this function to ensure that calls to `task::current()` inside of this /// closure can transitively wake up the outer task. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function will panic if it is called outside the context of a future's /// task. This is only valid to call once you've already entered a future via /// `Spawn::poll_*` functions. pub fn with_notify<F, T, R>(notify: &T, id: usize, f: F) -> R where F: FnOnce() -> R, T: Clone + Into<NotifyHandle>, { with(|task| { let mk = || notify.clone().into(); let new_task = BorrowedTask { id: task.id, unpark: BorrowedUnpark::new(&mk, id), events: task.events, map: task.map, }; set(&new_task, f) }) } /// An unsafe trait for implementing custom forms of memory management behind a /// `Task`. /// /// The `futures` critically relies on "notification handles" to extract for /// futures to contain and then later inform that they're ready to make /// progress. These handles, however, must be cheap to create and cheap /// to clone to ensure that this operation is efficient throughout the /// execution of a program. /// /// Typically this sort of memory management is done in the standard library /// with the `Arc` type. An `Arc` is relatively cheap to allocate an is /// quite cheap to clone and pass around. Plus, it's 100% safe! /// /// When working outside the standard library, however, you don't always have /// and `Arc` type available to you. This trait, `UnsafeNotify`, is intended /// to be the "unsafe version" of the `Notify` trait. This trait encodes the /// memory management operations of a `Task`'s notification handle, allowing /// custom implementations for the memory management of a notification handle. /// /// Put another way, the core notification type in this library, /// `NotifyHandle`, simply internally contains an instance of /// `*mut UnsafeNotify`. This "unsafe trait object" is then used exclusively /// to operate with, dynamically dispatching calls to clone, drop, and notify. /// Critically though as a raw pointer it doesn't require a particular form /// of memory management, allowing external implementations. /// /// A default implementation of the `UnsafeNotify` trait is provided for the /// `Arc` type in the standard library. If the `use_std` feature of this crate /// is not available however, you'll be required to implement your own /// instance of this trait to pass it into `NotifyHandle::new`. /// /// # Unsafety /// /// This trait is manually encoding the memory management of the underlying /// handle, and as a result is quite unsafe to implement! Implementors of /// this trait must guarantee: /// /// * Calls to `clone_raw` produce uniquely owned handles. It should be safe /// to drop the current handle and have the returned handle still be valid. /// * Calls to `drop_raw` work with `self` as a raw pointer, deallocating /// resources associated with it. This is a pretty unsafe operation as it's /// invalidating the `self` pointer, so extreme care needs to be taken. /// /// In general it's recommended to review the trait documentation as well as /// the implementation for `Arc` in this crate. When in doubt ping the /// `futures` authors to clarify an unsafety question here. pub unsafe trait UnsafeNotify: Notify { /// Creates a new `NotifyHandle` from this instance of `UnsafeNotify`. /// /// This function will create a new uniquely owned handle that under the /// hood references the same notification instance. In other words calls /// to `notify` on the returned handle should be equivalent to calls to /// `notify` on this handle. /// /// # Unsafety /// /// This trait is unsafe to implement, as are all these methods. This /// method is also unsafe to call as it's asserting the `UnsafeNotify` /// value is in a consistent state. In general it's recommended to /// review the trait documentation as well as the implementation for `Arc` /// in this crate. When in doubt ping the `futures` authors to clarify /// an unsafety question here. unsafe fn clone_raw(&self) -> NotifyHandle; /// Drops this instance of `UnsafeNotify`, deallocating resources /// associated with it. /// /// This method is intended to have a signature such as: /// /// ```ignore /// fn drop_raw(self: *mut Self); /// ``` /// /// Unfortunately in Rust today that signature is not object safe. /// Nevertheless it's recommended to implement this function *as if* that /// were its signature. As such it is not safe to call on an invalid /// pointer, nor is the validity of the pointer guaranteed after this /// function returns. /// /// # Unsafety /// /// This trait is unsafe to implement, as are all these methods. This /// method is also unsafe to call as it's asserting the `UnsafeNotify` /// value is in a consistent state. In general it's recommended to /// review the trait documentation as well as the implementation for `Arc` /// in this crate. When in doubt ping the `futures` authors to clarify /// an unsafety question here. unsafe fn drop_raw(&self); } /// A `NotifyHandle` is the core value through which notifications are routed /// in the `futures` crate. /// /// All instances of `Task` will contain a `NotifyHandle` handle internally. /// This handle itself contains a trait object pointing to an instance of the /// `Notify` trait, allowing notifications to get routed through it. /// /// The `NotifyHandle` type internally does not codify any particular memory /// management strategy. Internally it contains an instance of `*mut /// UnsafeNotify`, and more details about that trait can be found on its own /// documentation. Consequently, though, the one constructor of this type, /// `NotifyHandle::new`, is `unsafe` to call. It is not recommended to call /// this constructor directly. /// /// If you're working with the standard library then it's recommended to /// work with the `Arc` type. If you have a struct, `T`, which implements the /// `Notify` trait, then you can construct this with /// `NotifyHandle::from(t: Arc<T>)`. The coercion to `UnsafeNotify` will /// happen automatically and safely for you. /// /// When working externally from the standard library it's recommended to /// provide a similar safe constructor for your custom type as opposed to /// recommending an invocation of `NotifyHandle::new` directly. pub struct NotifyHandle { inner: *mut UnsafeNotify, } unsafe impl Send for NotifyHandle {} unsafe impl Sync for NotifyHandle {} impl NotifyHandle { /// Constructs a new `NotifyHandle` directly. /// /// Note that most code will not need to call this. Implementers of the /// `UnsafeNotify` trait will typically provide a wrapper that calls this /// but you otherwise shouldn't call it directly. /// /// If you're working with the standard library then it's recommended to /// use the `NotifyHandle::from` function instead which works with the safe /// `Arc` type and the safe `Notify` trait. #[inline] pub unsafe fn new(inner: *mut UnsafeNotify) -> NotifyHandle { NotifyHandle { inner: inner } } /// Invokes the underlying instance of `Notify` with the provided `id`. pub fn notify(&self, id: usize) { unsafe { (*self.inner).notify(id) } } fn clone_id(&self, id: usize) -> usize { unsafe { (*self.inner).clone_id(id) } } fn drop_id(&self, id: usize) { unsafe { (*self.inner).drop_id(id) } } } impl Clone for NotifyHandle { #[inline] fn clone(&self) -> Self { unsafe { (*self.inner).clone_raw() } } } impl fmt::Debug for NotifyHandle { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { f.debug_struct("NotifyHandle") .finish() } } impl Drop for NotifyHandle { fn drop(&mut self) { unsafe { (*self.inner).drop_raw() } } } /// Marker for a `T` that is behind &'static. struct StaticRef<T>(PhantomData<T>); impl<T: Notify> Notify for StaticRef<T> { fn notify(&self, id: usize) { let me = unsafe { &*(self as *const _ as *const T) }; me.notify(id); } fn clone_id(&self, id: usize) -> usize { let me = unsafe { &*(self as *const _ as *const T) }; me.clone_id(id) } fn drop_id(&self, id: usize) { let me = unsafe { &*(self as *const _ as *const T) }; me.drop_id(id); } } unsafe impl<T: Notify + 'static> UnsafeNotify for StaticRef<T> { unsafe fn clone_raw(&self) -> NotifyHandle { NotifyHandle::new(self as *const _ as *mut StaticRef<T>) } unsafe fn drop_raw(&self) {} } impl<T: Notify> From<&'static T> for NotifyHandle { fn from(src : &'static T) -> NotifyHandle { unsafe { NotifyHandle::new(src as *const _ as *mut StaticRef<T>) } } } #[cfg(feature = "nightly")] mod nightly { use super::NotifyHandle; use core::marker::Unpin; impl Unpin for NotifyHandle {} }